wa-law.org > bill > 2023-24 > HB 1832 > Original Bill
The legislature finds that increasing the rate of adoption of electric and hybrid motor vehicles is helping to reduce harmful air pollution from exhaust emissions, including greenhouse gas emissions, in the state. At the same time, the legislature also finds that a fair and equitable means of funding the statewide transportation system in the long term is needed as vehicles become more fuel efficient and this impacts state fuel tax revenue, which has historically funded the construction, preservation, maintenance, and operations of the state highway system and the state ferry system. The legislature also finds that a road usage charge or per mile fee is a viable funding method that more fairly and accurately corresponds to road users use of public roads by amount of usage as compared to registration fees or motor vehicle fuel taxes. It is, therefore, the legislature's intent to establish a voluntary road usage charge program that imposes a per mile fee for the use of public roads as a first step in establishing a more comprehensive, mandatory road usage charge.
The legislature further finds and declares that the road usage charge system must protect individuals' privacy and civil liberties. Experience in states that collect road usage charges, in addition to the research and year-long test of road usage charging in Washington, demonstrates that mileage-based charges can be implemented in a manner that ensures data security and protects the privacy of motor vehicle owners. The legislature intends that the road usage charge system authorized in this act be designed and implemented in a manner that places privacy of the motor vehicle owner as a first principle, especially with regard to location data.
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A voluntary road usage charge program is established that places a per mile fee on motor vehicle usage of public roadways in the state. The department shall implement and administer the voluntary road usage charge program. The vehicles specified in this section are subject to the requirements of the voluntary road usage charge program. The target date for implementation of a comprehensive, mandatory road usage charge program is January 1, 2030.
The road usage charge rate for the voluntary road usage charge program is 2.5 cents per mile.
The electric and hybrid-electric vehicle registration renewal fees specified in RCW 46.17.323 and the transportation electrification fees specified in RCW 46.17.324 are waived for vehicles participating in the voluntary road usage charge program.
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Beginning July 1, 2025, for reasons of administrative efficiency of fee collection, before accepting an application for an annual vehicle renewal for a motor vehicle registering for on-road use, the department, county auditor or other agent, or subagent appointed by the director must require the applicant to pay a road usage charge as specified in this section if the applicant enrolled the vehicle in the voluntary road usage charge program established in this section for the prior 12-month period of vehicle registration. This charge is separate and distinct from vehicle licensing fees and taxes required by law.
The road usage charge due at the end of each 12-month period following vehicle registration under the voluntary road usage charge program established in this subsection may not exceed the combined amount in fees required under RCW 46.17.323 and 46.17.324 that would be due if they were not waived for the vehicle as a result of its enrollment in the voluntary road usage charge program.
The annual per mile fee due for a vehicle participating in the voluntary road usage charge program at the end of each 12-month period of voluntary road usage charge program enrollment under this subsection (1)(b) is reduced by a fee credit in the amount of the motor vehicle fuel tax imposed under chapter 82.38 RCW that is determined by the department to correspond, either constructively or in actuality, to the vehicle's annual motor vehicle fuel usage. The fee credit is available solely to offset the road usage charge fee due based on applicable vehicle miles driven during the year the fee credit is earned and is nonrefundable and nontransferable to future years of program participation. The department shall adopt methodologies used to determine constructive annual motor vehicle fuel usage by vehicles, as well as requirements for the determination of actual fuel usage by vehicles, by rule.
The department must adopt rules to implement the portions of the voluntary road usage charge program specified in (b) of this subsection (1).
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The department shall offer vehicle owners the option to report miles driven through the submittal of periodic odometer mileage. The department may also offer vehicle owners the option of one or more automated methods of reporting miles driven. The department may certify one or more private sector service providers to provide the automated methods of reporting miles driven.
With participation from the department, the Washington state transportation commission shall engage vehicle manufacturers to explore the possibility of the vehicle manufacturer providing vehicle miles traveled information to the department that could meet road usage charge program reporting requirements, if authorized by a voluntary road usage charge program participant, and report back to the transportation committees of the legislature by December 1, 2024, on the capability and willingness of vehicle manufacturers to partner with the department to provide a manufacturer-based method for reporting vehicle miles traveled.
The department shall establish a process for submission of documentation by voluntary road usage charge program participants claiming a road usage charge fee exemption for vehicle miles driven on roadways that are not public roadways in the state. Application for a road usage charge fee exemption must be made to the department in a form and manner determined by the department. The application must include any information and documentation required by the department.
The department may temporarily pause enrollment in the voluntary road usage charge program should the department's capacity to effectively administer the program be reached, as determined by the department, until the department is able to expand the department's capacity to accommodate a greater program enrollment level.
This section only applies to a motor vehicle registered for on-road use that is designed to have the capability to drive at a speed of more than 35 miles per hour and that has a gross vehicle weight rating of 10,000 pounds or less.
The department, in consultation with the transportation commission, shall design and execute a public outreach and education program to be carried out prior to implementation of the voluntary road usage charge program under subsection (1) of this section.
The department shall provide a report to the transportation committees of the legislature on the status of preparations for the voluntary road usage charge program and recommendations for program enhancements by January 1, 2025, and shall continue to report to the transportation committees of the legislature on the voluntary road usage charge program's status and recommendations for the program no less frequently than annually thereafter.
The Washington state transportation commission shall pursue federal grant funding opportunities for which the voluntary road usage charge program established under this section is eligible.
Proceeds from the per mile fee imposed under this section must be used for transportation system preservation and maintenance purposes and must be deposited in the road usage charge account created in section 9 of this act.
Before accepting an application for an annual vehicle registration renewal for a vehicle that both (a) uses at least one method of propulsion that is capable of being reenergized by an external source of electricity and (b) is capable of traveling at least 30 miles using only battery power, except for electric motorcycles, the department, county auditor or other agent, or subagent appointed by the director must require the applicant to pay a $100 fee in addition to any other fees and taxes required by law. The $100 fee is due only at the time of annual registration renewal.
This section only applies to a vehicle that is designed to have the capability to drive at a speed of more than 35 miles per hour.
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The fee under this section is imposed to provide funds to mitigate the impact of vehicles on state roads and highways and for the purpose of evaluating the feasibility of transitioning from a revenue collection system based on fuel taxes to a road user assessment system, and is separate and distinct from other vehicle license fees. Proceeds from the fee must be used for highway purposes, and must be deposited in the motor vehicle fund created in RCW 46.68.070, subject to (b) of this subsection.
If in any year the amount of proceeds from the fee collected under this section exceeds $1,000,000, the excess amount over $1,000,000 must be deposited as follows:
Seventy percent to the motor vehicle fund created in RCW 46.68.070;
Fifteen percent to the transportation improvement account created in RCW 47.26.084; and
Fifteen percent to the rural arterial trust account created in RCW 36.79.020.
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In addition to the fee established in subsection (1) of this section, before accepting an application for an annual vehicle registration renewal for a vehicle that both (i) uses at least one method of propulsion that is capable of being reenergized by an external source of electricity and (ii) is capable of traveling at least 30 miles using only battery power, except for electric motorcycles, the department, county auditor or other agent, or subagent appointed by the director must require the applicant to pay a $50 fee.
The fee required under (a) of this subsection must be distributed as follows:
The first $1,000,000 raised by the fee must be deposited into the multimodal transportation account created in RCW 47.66.070; and
Any remaining amounts must be deposited into the motor vehicle fund created in RCW 46.68.070.
Beginning November 1, 2022, before accepting an application for an annual vehicle registration renewal for an electric motorcycle that uses propulsion units powered solely by electricity, the department, county auditor or other agent, or subagent appointed by the director must require the applicant to pay a $30 fee in addition to any other fees and taxes required by law. The $30 fee is due only at the time of annual registration renewal.
The fees collected pursuant to subsection (5) of this section shall be deposited into the motor vehicle fund created in RCW 46.68.070.
This section applies to annual vehicle registration renewals until the effective date of enacted legislation that imposes a mandatory vehicle miles traveled fee or tax that applies to all vehicles that are required to pay fees under this section.
Beginning July 1, 2025, participants in the voluntary road usage charge program established in section 2 of this act are exempt from the fees specified in this section.
To realize the environmental benefits of electrification of the transportation system it is necessary to support the adoption of electric vehicles and other electric technology in the state by incentivizing the purchase of these vehicles, building out the charging infrastructure, developing greener transit options, and supporting clean alternative fuel infrastructure. Therefore, it is the intent of the legislature to support these activities through the imposition of new transportation electrification fees in this section.
A vehicle that both (a) uses at least one method of propulsion that is capable of being reenergized by an external source of electricity and (b) is capable of traveling at least 30 miles using only battery power, is subject to an annual $75 transportation electrification fee to be collected by the department, county auditor, or other agent or subagent appointed by the director, in addition to any other fees and taxes required by law. For administrative efficiencies, the transportation electrification fee must be collected at the same time as vehicle registration renewals and may only be collected for vehicles that are renewing an annual vehicle registration.
Beginning October 1, 2019, in lieu of the fee in subsection (1) of this section for a hybrid or alternative fuel vehicle that is not required to pay the fees established in RCW 46.17.323 (1) and (4), for reasons other than participation in the voluntary road usage charge program established in section 2 of this act, the department, county auditor, or other agent or subagent appointed by the director must require that the applicant for the annual vehicle registration renewal of such hybrid or alternative fuel vehicle pay a $75 hybrid vehicle transportation electrification fee, in addition to any other fees and taxes required by law.
The fees required under this section must be deposited in the electric vehicle account created in RCW 82.44.200, until July 1, 2025, when the fee must be deposited in the motor vehicle account.
This section only applies to a vehicle that is designed to have the capability to drive at a speed of more than 35 miles per hour.
Beginning July 1, 2025, participants in the voluntary road usage charge program established in section 2 of this act are exempt from the fees specified in this section.
The per mile system established to collect the per mile fee under section 2 of this act may not involve the collection of any personally identifying information beyond what is necessary to properly calculate, report, and collect the per mile fee, unless the vehicle owner provides his or her express written consent for the collection of additional information.
Per mile reporting methods may record or report general location data under the following circumstances: (a) The vehicle owner chooses that specific reporting method; (b) proper disclosure of the reporting method was made pursuant to rules adopted by the transportation commission; and (c) the vehicle owner specifically consents to the reporting of general location data.
Per mile reporting methods shall not report specific location data to the department or any subdivision of the state, including travel patterns, origins, destinations, waypoint locations, or times of travel, unless a vehicle owner specifically consents to the recording or reporting of such location data.
The department and any per mile account manager has an affirmative public duty regarding the collection of the per mile fee under section 2 of this act to:
Ensure that per mile information is protected with reasonable operational, administrative, technical, and physical safeguards to ensure its confidentiality and integrity;
Implement and maintain reasonable security procedures and practices in order to protect per mile information from unauthorized access, destruction, use, modification, or disclosure; and
Implement and maintain a usage and privacy policy to ensure that the collection of per mile information is consistent with respect for individuals' privacy and civil liberties.
For the purposes of this section:
"General location data" means vehicle location information necessary for the determination of road usage charge fees.
"Personally identifying information" means any information that identifies or describes a person including, but not limited to, travel pattern data, address, telephone number, email address, photograph, bank account information, or credit card number. "Personally identifying information" does not include publicly available information that is lawfully made available to the general public from federal, state, or local government records.
"Public purposes" means research, testing, and information gathering that advances the safety of the motoring public and the adequate preservation, maintenance, and upkeep of public roadways.
"Specific location data" means information about the origin, destination, waypoint, or travel patterns of vehicles.
"Vehicle owner" has the same meaning as in RCW 46.04.380.
The department is responsible for administering and recommending the improvement of the motor vehicle laws of this state relating to:
Driver examining and licensing;
Driver improvement;
Driver records;
Financial responsibility;
Certificates of title;
Vehicle registration certificates and license plates;
Proration and reciprocity;
Liquid fuel tax collections;
Road usage charge collections;
Licensing of dealers, motor vehicle transporters, motor vehicle wreckers, for hire vehicles, and drivers' schools;
General highway safety promotion in cooperation with the Washington state patrol and traffic safety commission; and
Such other activities as the legislature may provide.
The department is vested with all powers, functions, and duties with respect to and including the following:
The fuel tax and aircraft fuel tax as provided in chapters 82.38 and 82.42 RCW;
The motor vehicle excise tax as provided in chapter 82.44 RCW;
The travel trailers and campers excise tax as provided in chapter 82.50 RCW;
The road usage charge fee as provided in chapter 46.17 RCW;
All general powers and duties relating to motor vehicles as provided in chapter 46.08 RCW;
Certificates of title and registration certificates as provided in chapters 46.12 and 46.16A RCW;
The registration of motor vehicles as provided in chapter 46.16A RCW;
Dealers' licenses as provided in chapter 46.70 RCW;
The licensing of motor vehicle transporters as provided in chapter 46.76 RCW;
The licensing of vehicle wreckers as provided in chapter 46.80 RCW;
The administration of the laws relating to reciprocal or proportional registration of motor vehicles as provided in chapter 46.85 RCW;
The licensing of passenger vehicles for hire as provided in chapter 46.72 RCW;
Drivers' licenses as provided in chapter 46.20 RCW;
Commercial driver training schools as provided in chapter 46.82 RCW;
Financial responsibility as provided in chapter 46.29 RCW;
Accident reporting as provided in chapter 46.52 RCW;
Disposition of revenues as provided in chapter 46.68 RCW; and
The administration of all other laws relating to motor vehicles vested in the director of licenses on June 30, 1965.
The following information relating to public utilities and transportation is exempt from disclosure under this chapter:
Records filed with the utilities and transportation commission or attorney general under RCW 80.04.095 or 81.77.210 that a court has determined are confidential under RCW 80.04.095 or 81.77.210;
The addresses, telephone numbers, electronic contact information, and customer-specific utility usage and billing information in increments less than a billing cycle of the customers of a public utility contained in the records or lists held by the public utility of which they are customers, except that this information may be released to the division of child support or the agency or firm providing child support enforcement for another state under Title IV-D of the federal social security act, for the establishment, enforcement, or modification of a support order;
The names, residential addresses, residential telephone numbers, and other individually identifiable records held by an agency in relation to a vanpool, carpool, or other ride-sharing program or service. Participants' names, general locations, and point of contact may be disclosed to other persons who apply for ride-matching services and who need that information in order to identify potential riders or drivers with whom to share rides;
The personally identifying information of current or former participants or applicants in a paratransit or other transit service operated for the benefit of persons with disabilities or elderly persons;
The personally identifying information of persons who acquire and use transit passes or other fare payment media including, but not limited to, stored value smart cards and magnetic strip cards, except that an agency may disclose personally identifying information to a person, employer, educational institution, or other entity that is responsible, in whole or in part, for payment of the cost of acquiring or using a transit pass or other fare payment media for the purpose of preventing fraud. As used in this subsection, "personally identifying information" includes acquisition or use information pertaining to a specific, individual transit pass or fare payment media.
Information regarding the acquisition or use of transit passes or fare payment media may be disclosed in aggregate form if the data does not contain any personally identifying information.
Personally identifying information may be released to law enforcement agencies if the request is accompanied by a court order;
Any information obtained by governmental agencies that is collected by the use of a motor carrier intelligent transportation system or any comparable information equipment attached to a truck, tractor, or trailer; however, the information may be given to other governmental agencies or the owners of the truck, tractor, or trailer from which the information is obtained. As used in this subsection, "motor carrier" has the same definition as provided in RCW 81.80.010;
The personally identifying information of persons who acquire and use transponders or other technology to facilitate payment of tolls. This information may be disclosed in aggregate form as long as the data does not contain any personally identifying information. For these purposes aggregate data may include the census tract of the account holder as long as any individual personally identifying information is not released. Personally identifying information may be released to law enforcement agencies only for toll enforcement purposes. Personally identifying information may be released to law enforcement agencies for other purposes only if the request is accompanied by a court order;
The personally identifying information of persons who acquire and use a driver's license or identicard that includes a radio frequency identification chip or similar technology to facilitate border crossing. This information may be disclosed in aggregate form as long as the data does not contain any personally identifying information. Personally identifying information may be released to law enforcement agencies only for United States customs and border protection enforcement purposes. Personally identifying information may be released to law enforcement agencies for other purposes only if the request is accompanied by a court order;
Personally identifying information included in safety complaints submitted under chapter 81.61 RCW; and
The personally identifying information of persons, as defined in section 5 of this act, who report their vehicle odometer mileage or any vehicle location information, in relation to a per mile fee imposed under section 2 of this act, or similar mileage tax, collected by or on behalf of the state of Washington. This information may be disclosed in aggregate form as long as the data does not contain any personally identifying information. Personally identifying information may be released to law enforcement agencies only if the request is accompanied by a court order.
The road usage charge account is created in the state treasury. All receipts from the voluntary road usage charge program established in section 2 of this act must be deposited in the account. Moneys in the account may be spent only after appropriation. Expenditures from the account may be used only for transportation system preservation and maintenance purposes.