The legislature finds that nonfatal strangulation is among the most dangerous acts of domestic violence and sexual assault. Strangulation involves external compression of the victim's airway and blood vessels, causing reduced air and blood flow to the brain. Victims may show no or minimal external signs of injury despite having life-threatening internal injuries including traumatic brain injury. Injuries may present after the assault or much later and may persist for months and even years postassault. Victims who are strangled multiple times face a greater risk of traumatic brain injury. Traumatic brain injury symptoms are often not recognized as assault-related and may include cognitive difficulties such as decreased ability to concentrate, make decisions, and solve problems. Traumatic brain injury symptoms may also include behavior and personality changes such as irritability, impulsivity, and mood swings.
Domestic violence victims who have been nonfatally strangled are eight times more likely to become a subsequent victim of homicide at the hands of the same abusive partner. Research shows that previous acts of strangulation are a unique and substantial predictor of attempted and completed homicide against an intimate partner.
For years, forensic nurses in Washington have provided high-level care to sexual assault victims. Forensic nurses are also trained in medical evaluation of nonfatal strangulation, but only provide this evaluation in cases of sexual assault involving strangulation, as crime victims' compensation will not reimburse in nonsexual assault cases. Strangulation affects victims physically and psychologically. These victims deserve a higher standard of response and medical care. Allowing crime victims' compensation to reimburse for forensic nurse examinations for victims of domestic violence strangulation will provide a better, more victim-centered response in the most dangerous of domestic violence felony cases.
This section adds a new section to an existing chapter 43.280. Here is the modified chapter for context.
The office of crime victims advocacy shall develop best practices that local communities may use on a voluntary basis to create more access to forensic nurse examiners in cases of nonfatal strangulation assault including, but not limited to, partnerships to serve multiple facilities, mobile nurse examiner teams, and multidisciplinary teams to serve victims in local communities.
When developing the best practices, the office of crime victims advocacy shall consult with:
The Washington association of sheriffs and police chiefs;
The Washington association of prosecuting attorneys;
The Washington state coalition against domestic violence;
The Harborview abuse and trauma center;
The Washington state hospital association;
The Washington state association of counties;
The association of Washington cities;
The Washington coalition of sexual assault programs;
ix. The schools of nursing at Washington State University and the University of Washington;
The office of crime victims advocacy shall develop strategies to make forensic nurse examiner training available to nurses in all regions of the state without requiring the nurses to travel unreasonable distances or incur unreasonable expenses.
When developing the strategies, the office of crime victims advocacy shall consult with:
The Harborview abuse and trauma center;
The department of health;
The nursing care quality assurance commission;
The Washington state nurses association;
The Washington state hospital association;
Forensic nurse practitioners; and
Other organizations deemed appropriate by the office of crime victims advocacy.
This section expires June 30, 2023.
This section modifies existing section 7.68.170. Here is the modified chapter for context.
No costs incurred by a hospital or other emergency medical facility for the examination of the victim of a sexual assault or domestic violence assault involving nonfatal strangulation, when such examination is performed for the purposes of gathering evidence for possible prosecution, shall be billed or charged directly or indirectly to the victim of such assault. Such costs shall be paid by the state pursuant to this chapter.